Created in 1966 by California State University professor and chairman of Black Studies Dr Maulana Karenga, Kwaanza is an African American and pan-African 7-day annual celebration of family, community and culture. The festival is inclusive of everyone, not limited to those with African American heritage. It is a holiday rich in symbolism that affirms communitarian values. The primary focus of the festival is spending time with family and community. Gifts are exchanged on 31 December. Kwanzaa is mainly celebrated in the USA and the Caribbean.