Judaism is the world’s oldest documented monotheistic religion and was the origin for both Christianity and Islam. All three religions recognise Abraham as their first prophet, and are therefore known as Abrahamic religions. However, Judaism is by far the smallest of the 5 major world religions, accounting for .19% of the world’s population or about 14.7 million people. In contrast to Christianity and Islam, which are both ‘universalising religions’ that seek new adherents, Judaism is an ‘ethnic religion’ and is mostly passed down from mother to child. The systematic murder of Jews during the Holocaust of WWII took a huge toll on their global population, which has not yet recovered pre-war numbers. The Jewish identity can be separate from religion and ethnicity, i.e. many Jewish people do not adhere to the Judaic religion and there are Jewish people of almost every ethnicity. Jews live in almost every country in the world, but the vast majority live in Israel or the United States. The main teachings of Judaism are contained within the Torah, which is part of a larger text called the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible and was written in Hebrew. Judaism, in common with Christianity and Islam, affirms the reality of one, and only one, God, called Yahweh in Hebrew, who created the universe out of nothing and has absolute sovereignty over all His creation. Judaism rejects the Christian notion of trinitarianism (that God exists as three entities sharing one identical essence) and the Christian concept of Jesus as the son of God. Jewish dietary laws restrict the consumption of pork, shellfish and the mixing of meat with dairy. Observant Jews only eat kosher food (meat and certain other products), and during Passover it is not permitted to eat anything produced from leavened grain. Wine is incorporated in religious ceremonies and the moderate consumption of alcoholic drinks is permitted. Shabbat, is observed every week starting at sunset Friday evening and ending after dark on Saturday evening. This often includes attending a service at a synagogue. Orthodox Jews do not work, drive or travel on Shabbat. All Jewish holidays begin at sundown the evening before the given date and these dates are based on the Hebrew or Jewish calendar and do not occur at fixed times on the Gregorian calendar. For observant Jews, other holy days that require absence from work include: the first two days of Passover; Rosh Hashanah; Yom Kippur; Sukkoth. These dates vary from year to year.