The research and team was led by Stephanie Creary Ph.D., assistant professor of management at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. The research team included Nancy Rothbard Ph.D., Wharton management professor, Jared Scruggs, Wharton management doctoral candidate, and Moh Foundation Applied Insights Lab/Wharton MBA student research team members Elena Mariscal, Olivia Moore, Natalia Villarmán, Valerie Chia, Georgia Swee, Andrew Sparks, and Ayanna Warrington. The insights expressed in this report are those of the authors and research team members.

We are grateful to the many members of the Wharton community who supported this research in different ways: Tiffany Smith W’17, Megan O’Malley, Jing Peng, Laura Zarrow and her team at Wharton People Analytics, Matthew Diephuis WG’20, Shanae Davis WG’21, and Ayanna Kennedy WG’21. We thank our colleagues at the McNulty Leadership Program including Mike Useem Ph.D., Jeff Klein, and Umi Howard for their support as well.